{"id":5174,"date":"2015-01-12T22:22:56","date_gmt":"2015-01-12T21:22:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mirath.org\/?p=5174"},"modified":"2015-01-12T22:22:56","modified_gmt":"2015-01-12T21:22:56","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%a3%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%91%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mirath.org\/ar\/senouciates\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%a3%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%91%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Calendriers Solaires \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0645\u0633\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

En cette fin de 1582, lorsque la nouvelle des d\u00e9cisions du Concile de Trente de modifier le Calendrier Solaire en cours, arriva \u00e0 Istanbul au Diwan<\/i> du Haut Conseil Islamique du Sultan Mourad III (1574-1594), les fouqahas<\/i> de l\u2019\u00e9poque ont d\u00fb se dire que les pratiques de la p\u00e9riode ant\u00e9-islamique de manipulation du Calendrier reprenaient de nouveau, mais comme la communaut\u00e9 chr\u00e9tienne dans leurs contr\u00e9es ne se sentait pas concern\u00e9e, la nouvelle est pass\u00e9e comme un non-\u00e9v\u00e9nement.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Un \u00ab\u00a0nas\u00ee<\/i>\u2019<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb pas comme les autres venait d\u2019\u00eatre op\u00e9r\u00e9 et la communaut\u00e9 mondiale sous influence de Rome de l\u2019\u00e9poque \u00e9tait pass\u00e9e du Jeudi 4 Octobre 1582 au Vendredi 15 Octobre de la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e avec en pr\u00e9vision, par rapport au Calendrier Solaire de l\u2019\u00e9poque, dit Calendrier agraire ou \u00ab\u00a0Calendrier Julien\u00a0\u00bb, un train de mesures pour l\u2019avenir\u00a0:<\/p>\n

– Suppression du jour suppl\u00e9mentaire du mois de f\u00e9vrier des ann\u00e9es bissextiles de 1700-1800-1900 puis 2100-2200-2300 .<\/p>\n

– mais\u2026sans toucher aux ann\u00e9es multiples de 400 soient 1600-2000-2400..<\/p>\n

En supprimant 10 jours de cette ann\u00e9e 1582, le Dimanche de P\u00e2ques f\u00fbt ainsi ramen\u00e9 au premier dimanche apr\u00e8s la pleine lune apr\u00e8s le 21 Mars, objectif essentiel de cette r\u00e9forme.<\/p>\n

Aucun pays musulman de l\u2019\u00e9poque ne s\u2019en inqui\u00e9ta, consid\u00e9rant peut-\u00eatre que cette r\u00e9forme ne le concernait pas, et personne ne pensa qu\u2019un jour tous ses descendants seraient enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 leur naissance ainsi qu\u2019\u00e0 leur mort sur les registres de leurs Etats dans ce nouveau Calendrier et que leurs citoyens allaient appr\u00e9cier les r\u00e9veillons du nouveau 31 D\u00e9cembre en d\u00e9calage aux jours de f\u00eates pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant leur EN-NAYER<\/i><\/b> traditionnel.<\/p>\n

Et c\u2019est ainsi que le premier jour de l\u2019En-<\/i>Nayer<\/i> devenait dans le nouveau calendrier dit \u00abGr\u00e9gorien\u00bb en concordance au\u00a0:<\/p>\n

11 Janvier de 1583 \u00e0 1700\u00a0;<\/p>\n

12 Janvier de 1701 \u00e0 1800\u00a0;<\/p>\n

13 Janvier de 1801 \u00e0 1900\u00a0;<\/p>\n

14 Janvier de 1901 \u00e0 2100.<\/p>\n

Cette \u00e9quivalence est rest\u00e9e en usage durant l’occupation fran\u00e7aise et c’est ainsi que la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration d’En-Nayer avait eu lieu le soir du 12 Janvier de chaque ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Or, d’apr\u00e8s les calculs, il fallait corriger depuis 1901 l’En-Nayer de 1901 \u00e0 2100 pour la veille du 13 Janvier.<\/p>\n

Le Calendrier Solaire, sans la r\u00e9forme de Gr\u00e9goire XIII de 1582, a continu\u00e9 son existence en Alg\u00e9rie o\u00f9 d\u00e9j\u00e0 plusieurs savants avaient \u00e9tabli des manuels d\u2019enseignement et de calcul des concordances de leur calendrier solaire avec le calendrier lunaire h\u00e9girien.<\/p>\n

A la Grande Mosqu\u00e9e d\u2019Alger en 1830 le commentaire de Cheikh Sidi Mohammed ben Youcef es-Senouci sur le Trait\u00e9 de son ma\u00eetre Al-Habb\u00e2k sur l\u2019usage de l\u2019Astrolabe y \u00e9tait encore enseign\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Les Tolbas<\/i> de Annaba, Constantine, Alger ou Tlemcen savaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 que Th\u00e2bit ibn Quorr\u00e2 (mort en 288H.\/901 JC) avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 calcul\u00e9 l\u2019ann\u00e9e solaire \u00e0 365 jours 6 heures 9 minutes et 11 secondes dans son ouvrage sur l\u2019Ann\u00e9e Solaire. (Aujourd\u2019hui les calculs les plus r\u00e9cents des Eph\u00e9m\u00e9rides des Observatoires donnent 365 jours 6 heures 9 minutes 10 secondes et 57 tierces).<\/p>\n

Mohammed BAGHLI<\/p>\n

<\/h1>\n

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\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u0633\u0651\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0645 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/b><\/h1>\n

\u062d\u0630\u0641\u064f \u0643\u0628\u0633\u064f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a <\/b>\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/b> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: <\/b>1700-1800-1900<\/b><\/h1>\n

\u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 <\/b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/b> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0640 400 \u0648\u0647\u064a: 1600-2000-2400<\/b><\/h1>\n

\u064a\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 <\/b>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/b> 1700-<\/b><\/h1>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1800-1900-2100-2200-2300<\/b><\/h1>\n

\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 <\/b><\/h1>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/b> (<\/b> 365,2425<\/b> \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b) <\/b><\/h1>\n

\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (<\/b>365,2422166<\/b> \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b)<\/b><\/h1>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>\u00a0 <\/b>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b>\u0628\u0640<\/b> 0,0002834 <\/b>\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/b><\/h1>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 4000 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/b><\/h1>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u063a\u0644\u064a<\/h2>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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